The Bernstein test (esophageal acid perfusion test) is used to see if you have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

A toxic megacolon is a rare yet life-threatening complication of severe colon disease or infection. It is diagnosed when your colon has expanded by more than 5 to 6 centimeters.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) means that you have fat deposits inside your liver. These deposits may keep your liver from doing a good job of removing toxins from your blood.

Smoking can harm your digestive system in many ways. It weakens the sphincter and allows stomach acid to flow backward into your esophagus.

If the rectum drops out of its normal place within the body and pushes out of the anal opening, the condition is called rectal prolapse.

An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus under the skin in the area of the anus and rectum.

An anal fissure is a small, painful tear in the lining of the anus. Anal fissures may hurt and bleed during or after a bowel movement, but about 90% heal without surgery.

An anal fistula is an abnormal opening in the skin near the anus. It leads to the inside of the anal canal in the colon.

Esophagitis is the irritation and inflammation of the lining of your esophagus, or food pipe. Because the lining of the esophagus is sensitive, many things can cause swelling and irritation.

Infectious esophagitis is swelling and irritation of your esophagus, set off by an infection.